The Origin of Leather Use

One of the oldest pro crafts still in use today is stitching leather together using needles from animal bones and thread made from the intestine and sinew of animals primarily Sheep.Some of the first users of leather were Eskimo and North American Indian Tribes. They killed the animals for Food and made leather Clothing using the animal skins and bone needles to stitch the skin together.

Most all the facts to date has been gathered by various researchers' findings. Theories are based on small pieces of facts over a long duration of time.

Today most animals are killed primarily for Food. The skin and leather manufactures are left over products that evolved into the Leather manufactures as we currently know it. Without using the skins it would create a major pollution and environMental qoute either by burning or burying the residue in a landfill. Most all domestic animals are protected by law and are not part of the food chain. Leather skins are available only from other countries. The animals are killed by poachers and skins sold on the black shop all over the world.

The hunter gatherers, in the stone age, killed for food and used the skins for protection. The use of animal skins absolutely goes back to the days of the ice age. In that time about the only pointed items for killing the animals were flints also used to scrape the inside of hides as well as fur and hAir on the outside. People that work with animal hides are aware of the fact that it shrinks when it gets wet and over time begins to have a horrible smell. People would wrap the skins around them while they moved around sewing it together to forestall it from falling off some were even used to sleep on.

The process of tanning and softening leather was probably an accident. After someone dropped some skin in water that a fallen tree had discolored the water and changed the color of the piece of skin as well as developMent the skin softer. Therefore tanning came about and some similarities of this process are still in use today. The North American indian made their Clothing from deer skin and sewed it together into a form of tunic and trousers. Sometime ago in northern Canada a body was found, concept to be a trapper that had died from exposure to the eleMents. He had in supervene died from exposure, however, test and examinations showed he had died some thousand years ago and was wearing trousers and a tunic made from goat skin.

There is very dinky evidence to propose any type of leather goods or workers. Leather artifacts at that time consisted primarily of straps for arrows and scabbards for swords. As time passed more People were wearing some type of shoes and boots. Saddles for the horses created shoemakers and saddlers.

In the early times, young men believed to be of Greek origin, carried a leather water bag over their shoulders. They wore a leather toga with a leather bag around their waist believed to be for small game or birds for food along the way. Leather goods did not evolve until trip started to come to be common. And in those days intriguing was uncommon with most People remaining where they were born or very close.

Leather products of today vary greatly and have a multitude of everyday uses from shoes and boots to leather coats, jackets, etc. Leather is worn by the majority of motorcycle riders and all types of outdoor sports enthusiast. Leather is also widely used in the fashion and Dress wear manufactures and leather usage continues to grow and offers a greater variety of products for everyone.

---

Friends Link : Buy Shopping Discount Sesame Street Cookie Monster Samsung Intercept Case

Motivation Letter For Work Abroad

If you are applying for a Job abroad (particularly in Europe or South America), a Motivation Letter For Work Abroad takes the place of a Cover Letter. Both resumes and Motivation Letters are much less formal than their United States equivalents. The Motivation Letter, as its name implies, tells your prospective employers why you are motivated to work for their companies. It gives you a chance to recite your personality, the languages you speak, any awards you may have won, and what motivates you to work abroad.

The Motivation Letter is constructed like a formal company letter, with your name and adDress in the top right corner. below this and against the left margin should be the name, Job title, company and adDress of the recipient. (It is worth doing a limited digging to find out the name, if you don't know it.) European countries don't put a duration after title abbreviations, so remember to leave them off ; i.e., "Mr" instead of "Mr." and "Dr" rather than "Dr.". Spell out the name of the month and use the order "day-month-year."

The first paragraph of your Motivation Letter describes the Job for which you are applying, and how you learned about it. The second paragraph should adDress your qualifications for the job; don't just list them, talk about them. Show yourself to be a someone of initiative and creativity ; in short, motivated! In the third paragraph, talk about why you want this singular job. What skills do you bring to it? What do you hope to learn? Finally, in the fourth paragraph give your touch data and times you are available for interview.

If you used the recipient's name, close "Yours sincerely;" if you used "Dear Sir or Madam," close "Yours faithfully." Type your name four spaces down and two spaces under that, against the left margin, type "Enclosure." Sign your name in the space above your typed name, attach a resume to your Motivation Letter For Work Abroad, and you've done it!

---

My Links : Buy Shopping Discount Nfl Jersey Naacp Image Awards 2011 Precision Products Lawn Sweeper

An Introduction to Handbag Manufacturing

Where Do Handbags Come From?

Have you ever wondered where your designer handbag came from and what went in to making it? And how does a handbag go from an idea to a closed product and why do they cost so much?   Bringing a handbag or purse invent to life is an complex process-and the higher the capability of the bag, the more plan goes into its creation. The process normally begins with a sketch; any way before any drawings can move into production, the designer needs to think the most recent handbag trends to ensure that the closed product will fit into current styles, meet buyer demands and offer enough differentiation to make the bag unique from others on the market.  

A skilled pattern maker will use the drawings to generate a paper model or prototype of the bag and an official pattern that will be used to generate the enTire luxury handbag collection. But before the bags can be made, the materials and colors must be selected. For example, one handbag could come in some colors or types of leather, from soft, calfskin leather to ostrich. The silhouette plays an prominent role in choosing the type of leather; a structured shoulder bag should use a more durable and stiff leather while a hobo or slouchy handbag would use softer, more pliable leather.  After the materials are selected, a leather cutter will cut the leather for each handbag and put in order it for stitching. This is a delicate process that requires a skilled leather worker, which contributes to the cost of an authentic handbag. Each piece must be cut perfectly to correspond to the handbag pattern-only an experienced leather cutter will know how to best work with exact types of leather to ensure that the end ensue is perfect.  

The next step in making a handbag is stitching. A banconista or accumulator will recreate the paper handbag model from the leather cutouts. The leather is whether hand-stitched or stitched with a sewing machine. This Job requires the utmost craftsmanship to be able to stitch fine, straight seems on leather, in particular more rigid leathers-one wrong stitch would leave a permanent mark in the leather, ruining the enTire piece.  The more details the handbag has-like hardware, and inner pockets-the more complex the fabrication process. The final capability of a handbag is determined while this sTAGe of the process. Any mistakes will sway how the bag looks and will hold up over time.  The next sTAGe is the finishing. The bag will still look distinct than the prototype, as it is missing hardware, zippers or closures.  while this process, each handbag is inspected for defects and all hardware is added. The leather handbags are now ready for shipping. Each handbag is individually wrapped in a Cloth bag ad shipped to the buyer or boutique.  

Handbag Costs 

As you can see, manufacturing an authentic handbag is a lengthy and complex process. The cost of a handbag is determined by:  
The reputation of the brand Quality of materials used to make each handbag The experience of the leather artisans Production and factory costs

So the next time you're shopping for a new luxury handbag, you'll have a great comprehension of what goes in to creating the closed product. 

---

Related : Buy Shopping Discount Worst Dressed Oscars 2011

Why Leather Sectional Sofas Will Last You a Life Time

Technology has made our lives very easy and comfortable. Every field of life can benefit from technology and Supply us benefits which we want. Earlier we used sofas which were large and heavy but now we have sectional sofas which are separated into sections and thus very easy to carry. When joined together they form a large sofa which can sometimes even serve as a bed for guests in the house.

Earlier citizen had also complains about the fiber of the sofa that it gets damaged very verily but now sectional couches are transformed into leather sofas which are very durable and do not get damaged easily. Leather looks very stylish, luxurious and enhances the attractiveness of the room where it is placed. It has a lot of benefits which other type of fabrics do not have that is why even though they are expensive consumers still buy it because it lasts for a life time.

Like microfiber, leather does not tear or get scratch easily. Its color does not fade either. With the passage of time it becomes softer, comfier and maintains its natural elasticity, unlike quarterly sofas whose fabric becomes fragile and stiff, that is why it will last longer.

The maintenance of leather sofas is also not very difficult; it only requires cleaning once or twice a week just to remove off the dust or pet hAir from these leather sectionals. As liquids cannot get inside the leather, it resists stains which you or other house members accidentally make. For leather there are special cleaning agents ready in the store to improve the shine of your sofa and keep it moist.

Another straightforward and easy trick to keep your leather sectional sofas clean is to wipe it with a damp Cloth to remove the dust and stains from it. Then leave it for some time to dry or you can dry it quickly with a hAir dryer. Avoid rubbing and scratching your sofa as it will be harsh for leather and it might get damaged.

Leather sectionals are imMensely cozy; it has a natural elasticity which provides its owners a lot of ease when they sit or lay on it as it can verily turn its shape with the shape of your body. If you want healing or stiff cushions of leather then sellers have also designed such kind of leather sectionals which keep your back right and still Supply you comfort. So if you want to spend your money in getting a new sofa b sure to make the perfect option by selecting leather sectional couches.

---

Thanks To : Buy Shopping Discount KidKraft Annabelle Dollhouse.

Buying a Brown Leather Sofa

If you're thinking about getting a brown leather sofa for your living room, then you might be joining the many other families who pick brown leather for their homes. Arguably the most favorite color for leather sofas, brown is a hit because it is a neutral color that matches so many other colors. people also like brown leather because it is luxurious and rich, as evidenced by the popularity of the chocolate brown leather sofa. But what kind of sofa is best? Which will best match your living room decor, and what brands are worth buying? This description will seek some of the answers to these questions.

Whether you're getting a 2 seater brown leather sofa or a sectional sofa, a small brown leather sofa or a large one, you have to get the color right. Brown is not just brown- it can be light brown or dark. The dark brown leather sofa is by far the most popular, as it has been colse to and is a tried and true color. It is the sofa for the study and for primary looking interiors. Dark brown is more serious looking and more imposing, so it may be good for the formal living room that receives formal guests.

Light brown, on the other hand, is still luxurious, but with a sort of refined elegance that sets it apart from the darker browns. It suits modern interiors very well, as it is less heavy looking. Light browns are earthy and soothing at the same time and may have more in tasteless with cream colors than with the typical brown.

Some of the brands you are likely to come over are Natuzzi, Ashley, and the sofas on offer at Ikea. Ikea has a nice modern brown leather sofa selection, with somewhat minimalist but very accessible designs at relatively affordable prices. Ashely has a huge selection of leather sofas, many of which feature full grain leather. They also offer artificial leathers that are cheaper, but not the same as the real deal, obviously. Natuzzi is a brand based in Italy, but operations were sourced to China, where capability has reportedly suffered. For all brands, check for reviews on the internet to learn about the definite sofa you are considering. You can learn about capability issues online that can probably only be found online and thus save yourself from buying a shoddy product.

---

Visit : Buy Shopping Discount Samsung Intercept Case Oyster Precision Mens Watch Waterproof Shower Speaker

Timberland Hiking Shoes - collection of Colors and Styles

If there is a shoe brand that is made with endurance and style in mind, that brand is Timberland. From waterproof winter shoes for hiking while the coldest season to lighter shoes that wok just great in the wilds while summer, Timberland has shoes for all ages and sizes in a myriad of keen colors. Below, we briefly impart some of the products from this manufacturer.

Timberland's White Ledge Waterproof mid 12135 is not only great looking but also durable and comfortable. Made for hikes while the cold season, this is a waterproof shoe that is also defiant to abrasives. While the tough outside takes care of the eleMents, the inside is made to keep the wearer as comfortable as possible with its molded rubber toe cap and the padded collar. Meant for the someone who will peruse the wilds for hours on end, the shoe has a rubber lug sole to ensure maximum mobility.

For lady hikers WoMen's Timberland Titan safety Toe is worth considering. This boot is made from full grain leather and is made to warrant user safety by its capability to resist slips and withstand abrasions. The inside is pure comfort courtesy of the adaptive footbed that is made to control temperature. This shoe is available in a variety of colors.

For the younger members of the house Children's Timberland Field Boot is both safe and comfortable. The young one's comfort is guaranteed by the shoe's padded collar and the waterproof leather. This durable goods is also rustproof and will be in the house so long that it might turn out to be the ideal hand-me-down.

The range of colors in which these great products are available at is also imMense. Either you seek a black boot or a tan one, you will find one just as you will find navy, gray, red and green boots among others.

---

Visit : Buy Shopping Discount Arabic Song Dance Charlie Sheen Gossip

PorteenGear Black and Tan Leather Pro Camera Bag Dslr Day Case review

If you are finding for a DSlr bag made by an award-winning photographer, PorteenGear releases its Black and Tan Leather Pro Camera Bag DSlr Day Case.

Why would you want this bag aside from this is designed by a pro photographer? Well, for starters this is not your typical camera bag as it kind of look like a purse or a messenger bag. It is also made from water-resistant waxed canvas that age gracefully the more times it is used.

The fabric used is favorite in Australia, mostly used on dusters and hats. Though it looks rugged, you are sure that this DSlr bag is long-lasting. The flap is made from genuine leather with a middle stripe created of an cushion material while its internal structure is made of smooth twill.

PorteenGear's bag is produced to carry one (1) full size Dslr camera coupled with two (2) lenses. It can carry your tall lenses from 70-200. If you only have one extra lens, you can add in a flash inside the bag.

Its front face features a durable zippered pocket while on the inside back it features a Velcro pocket. You can also access certainly 3 pockets on the front which can hold a lens cap, pen or an additional one camera body.

This Dslr bag is cushioned well on each side with solid foams and the padding on the inside expands to house a larger camera. All seams of this camera bag are triple stitched. It also comes with an adjustable shoulder strap.

As an added bonus, PorteenGear Black and Tan Leather Pro Camera Bag Dslr Day Case comprise a free zippered pouch for storage of your cards, cash or passport. You can buy it on PorteenGear's Etsy shop for 0 and it is available in distinct color variations.

---

Thanks To : Buy Shopping Discount Lg Dehumidifier Rebate Worst Dressed Oscars 2011

Leather Jacket Care

If you own a fine leather jacket then you've probably drawn a few looks here and there because of the style. Unfortunately over time, even a great leather jacket can turn ugly on you if it isn't properly maintained.

Prevention is Your Best Option

When you first bring your leather jacket home, you want to health and waterproof it. After that, proper care will keep it looking marvelous for years. In fact, did you know that with proper care, leather out wears denim 20 to 1? I've heard stories where a good quality, well maintained leather jacket can last as long as 50 years!

Find out everything you can about your leather jacket, get the right stuff and set aside time for mandatory cleaning. If you don't do it yourself, then pay a pro to clean your leather jacket for you. You can thank me later for that tip!

Leather Jacket RepAir

How can you heal the sleeves on your leather jacket when the edges are cracking, without production the leather weak or super soft?

If you have any loose edges, you can legitimately tack them up with a small dab of rubber ceMent which is sold at most grocery or sell stores. If the edges are not torn but just starting to look rough, one of the best options is for you to use a aggregate of mink oil and beeswax.

Typically this concoction is sold as paste, production it easy to apply. While it helps to enhance those rough spots, it does soften but not too much. This aggregate will also help sustain the leather and prevent stains.

Leather Jacket Maintainence and Restoration

One of the top products you can buy for your leather jacket is called Lexol. This brand is exquisite for restoring worn leather, bringing it back to its natural state. an additional one expert cleaner/conditioner is called Fiebing's All Purpose Leather Cleaner and Conditioner. It too helps restore leather that is worn while also helping to prevent water spots, stains, and even cracking.

Another great goods that does it all, conditions, waterproofs, preserves, softens, and restores leather is called Snow-Proof. This goods has no color or odor and is exquisite on leather jackets as well as boots and shoes. Best of all, it will not leave a greasy feel.

Carnauba Cream will also help to restore and level out your leather jacket. It helps to resist scratches and finger prints and does a great Job of restoration. One other goods you should explore is called Leather Balm with Atom Wax. This singular goods was formulated specifically for leather to help with preserving and restoring. It also helps furnish a nice soft, natural finish.

I suggest doing some explore on these products before settling on one. Type the goods name into a search machine and read up on their different properties. Prices and results will vary depending on the application.

---

Thanks To : Buy Shopping Discount Samsung Intercept Case Macbook pro 2011 Must 21 Stainless Steel Watch

popular ,favorite Blue Leather Sofa and Furniture Styles

popular ,favorite Blue Leather Sofa and Furniture Styles

Blue leather sofas are hot right now. There's no denying it. Especially for city homes and modern-style homes, the blue leather sofa is a great fit to any living room. So what do you do when you're trying to decree if you're after leather or blue? Luckily, there are some things that can help you find the excellent piece of furniture.

Take a look at the fashion of your room. If you have an old-fashioned aged room, maybe the couch isn't for you. Some of the best houses that work with the blue style are city houses and new homes. Absolutely look at your room, and what's already in it before making a decision on your new furniture!

Don't forget: It's all about the feel of your room. Spellbinding colors add optimism, so sometimes the more the merrier. I personally think that blue leather sofas can add a strong hit of pizzazz to the room just because of its color and material. It's extraordinary what colors will do for the room, and you'll be surprised at what matches up with your furniture!

Finally, if you have a trendy attitude and an open space in your room, there should be no presuppose why you can't add a blue leather sofa to the room. Color in effect makes a room, and gives it the environMent that you can hope for. To add new color to the room, or add a new piece of furniture can brighten up and add convert to the day too. I personally am a huge fan of mixing up my room, at least on a monthly basis. You can find a in effect large option of this growing trend of blue!

---

Tags : Buy Shopping Discount simply shabby chic vanity Macbook pro 2011 Oyster Precision Mens Watch

Leather Furniture - Advantages and Disadvantages

Leather Furniture - Advantages and Disadvantages

Furniture made from leather for all ages was emblem of luxury, prestige, success and wealth. Have you ever pay attention to movies scenes where operation is in office? Probably not. Next time look what type of chAirs they use. You will see that they are sitting on leather chAirs. But like all things leather also has advanTAGes and disadvanTAGes. In this report I will try to discuss both.

Firstly, I would like to start from good things. So here are advantages of leather chAirs:

1. I think one of the most leading to bigger part of people is that leather looks great. Like I Mentioned above it has aura of luxury, prestige. Someone who is using it feels power.

2. Leather is actually actually maintained material. You can actually clean slatted liquids or other dirties. You don't need special, quite expensive cleaners and hard work to clean it. You just need sometimes you use sprays which helps to keep leather in good shape for longer time.

3. Leather is very durable material. It will save its beauty, good shape for longer time. You will not need to convert chAirs or cushion so often.

4. Leather is natural product.

5. Leather don't attract and don't procure dusts. Also it is unyielding to dust mites. This feature is very leading to those who has allergy to dust.

Like I Mentioned above it also has some disadvantages. Below I will gift few of them.

1. I think one of the most leading things is that good leather chair cost a lot. So not every person could buy it.

2. Leather cushion could put a shine on Clothing. Also it can have impact to Clothing wear out period. It is noticed that when we sit on leather cushion our Clothing wear out Faster.

3. Leather is not material which has good permeability. This helps when we split something on it, but when we sit on it this feature becomes unwelcome. After longer time sitting in this type of chair we will start to perspire. It happens because our body don't breath. You can solve this question by putting small pillow or cotton peace on a seat.

4. In the sun leather heat up. After it heats up it come to be almost impossible to sit on it. In winters it could be a small bit too cold.

5. It is difficult to find light color leather chair. Mainly leather upholsteries are in dark colors.

---

Thanks To : Buy Shopping Discount KidKraft Annabelle Dollhouse. The Walking Dead Season 2

different Materials, different Bags

different Materials, different Bags

Nowadays, wherever we go and anything we do, we need a bag accompanying us for separate usages as well as purposes. However, many population just stay on the outside but know exiguous about what their bags made from. Thus, I would like to share some facts with you here, both advanTAGes and disadvanTAGes of the separate materials.

Pu Leather: feel as you feel

Pu leather, also known as regenerated leather, feels special. Some can be soft, and some can be hard, each with its own characteristics. It has the advanTAGes of lightness, cold-resistance and chemical-resistance. Although it can stand abrasion, it cannot undergo tearing. In addition, the color of Pu leather is less, generally for the black or brown, even can be discolored easily. The soft Pu leather is always used for developMent casual bags, for its better vertical feeling and low cost. Therefore, while choosing a Pu leather bag, we must be outpatient to search for and collate the bags because to a safe bet degree, this kind of material depends on the sense of touching.

Pvc Leather: of summer color

Just as the Pu leather, Pvc leather belongs to the imitation leather. It is also good for its lightness and abrasion-resistance as the Pu leather. Besides, Pvc leather can be indubitably process

ed and kept in good maintenance. And compared to the Pu leather, it is much cheaper and has a better sense of burnish. On the contrary, its sliding resistance and Air permeability are bad. Even when under the health of low temperature, it can be icy hard and easy to cause fracture, that is, it isn't convenient for population to use in cold winter or area. As we can see from the picture, Pvc bags are plentiful for the colors. This kind of bags is the main character in the hot summer days, always accompanying with the fashion Clothing.

Waterproof Silk: too glossy to water

Waterproof silk, just as its name implies, is the kind of materials for waterproofing. The main benefit is that it can waterproof, and for this reason, the waterproof bags feel much extra that they feel like somewhat of a kind of concave and convex dense umbrella. The waterproof silk ordinarily has many printings and soft colors so that the shape and style of the waterproof bags are more lovely and small and exquisite, on the other hand, it cannot indubitably make high-grade feeling. However, these printings may fall as a consequence of rubbing. In order to prevent such matter from happening, we should sue a piece of wet Cloth while cleaning the bag.

Canvas: practical bearer

Canvas can be made into separate kinds of bags, such as travelling bags, school bags, etc, because canvas has a big benefit that the material is solid, practical, and can carry heavy items. And canvas bags are not only durable, but also in good look for its printing as well as fashionable. It is useful for packing Clothing when going for a short trip. Even so, it still has its disadvantage. For one thing, canvas bags cannot waterproof, for other thing, this kind of bags is too heavy to feel comfortable. But in general, canvas bags are rather favorite among the youngsters, both for its practical price and the easy cleaning.

Cotton Jute: out of soft, all of soft

Cotton Jute material feels rather soft and comfortable, so such bags made out of it are generally small and exquisite, with lightweight and soft color. However, it cannot satisfy those population who chase high grade and gorgeousness. They are favored by the female friends very much. And these bags have many styles cater to females' taste, and its folk style is loved by many young people. In addition, it can be cleaned indubitably by using water.

Wool Fabric: more than ornate

Wool fabric is a relatively good coloring material; therefore cotton jute is always used for developMent bags of soft color, and wool fabric for developMent bags of deep color.This just enough fills the brunet defects for the cotton jute. It is easy to make dignified color that meet the taste of the mature group and there are many bags of folk flavor are made of wool fabric. This material is also endurable enough to bear heavy items and easy to clean. Oppositely, wool fabric has two disturbing problems. On one hand, the exiguous hAirs linger on it indubitably but not obviously; on the other hand, its deep color will fade as time goes by.

Friends Link : Buy Shopping Discount Lg Dehumidifier Rebate

Leather Sofas - choosing the Right Leather For Your Sofa

Leather Sofas - choosing the Right Leather For Your Sofa

If you are finding into buy an authentic leather sofa you need to know what separate types you have to choose from. Leather couches can come in a collection of separate types and knowing the differences in the middle of them can make sure that you make the literal, purchase. While each of the separate types are made from genuine leather, how the leather is treated can corollary its touch, feel, and uncut durability.

The most ordinarily opinion of leather is aniline leather. This is leather that has been dyed in a dyebath and has not received any coating or other finish. This type of leather is the most natural looking. For many people this is what they think of when the think of leather. This kind of leather is very aesthetically pleasing and ordinarily will have a full grain pattern. The question with this kind is that it is authentically soiled and requires a lot of maintenance. The leather needs to be ordinarily oiled and taken care of or it will start to fade and look dull. This kind of leather is also prone to graphic defects, which in some cases may or may not be desirable. This kind of leather is not recomMended if you have pets or young children as they can authentically damage it.

If you are finding for something a bit more durable that requires less care than you are going to want to look at done leathers. The most coarse type of these is semi-aniline. This leather can have a very natural appearance and looks roughly selfsame to aniline leather. The big disagreeMent is in the maintenance of the leather. It requires not nearly as much of the care and medicine that full aniline leather has. It does not appear as natural though and there is less of that uncut appearance of full aniline. But if you are finding for something that is close and can bear the wear and tear this is it.

Another type that is gaining in popularity is bi-cast leather. This leather is done in a coat of polyurethane that is bonded to the surface. This type is very easy to utter and has the most uniform color. It does not any way appear natural, although to the touch it feels very natural. This is the best choice if you are at all concerned about your couch getting damaged.

Friends Link : Buy Shopping Discount Free Bruce Fans The Walking Dead Season 2 Valentine Candy

Leather portfolio - Your Office in a Bag

Nothing screams elegance like good ability leather. The quintessential marks of success are good leather briefcases. In the days of old, leather briefcases were in general used to carry legal briefs to court. Now, however, they exude ability and professionalism, and have since significantly evolved into a status symbol.

The Evolution of the Briefcase

Leather Colors

Leather briefcases were originally designed after the limp satchels of the 14th century. These satchels were used to carry money and valuables. In 1826, a Frenchman named Godillot designed the first hinged iron frame of leather briefcases. Subsequently, the Gladstone and the oval-topped Rosebury followed suit. These made way for the beloved metal-framed leather briefcases that open like laptops.

Leather portfolio - Your Office in a Bag

The considerable tools of company have undergone drastic changes through the years. Not to be left behind, so have leather briefcases. What used to be just paper-friendly compartMents and exteriors now comprise special compartMents for gadgets while still retaining paper space. Large flaps are usually featured, designed to give the leather briefcases a more streamlined look by concealing the tool pouches.

A Workdesk in a Bag

Leather briefcases not only carry your foremost docuMents, they can also hold cellular phones, handheld Computers, laptops, Computer disks, company cards, and many more. Leather briefcases now come with handles and shoulder straps for added mobility. In short, leather briefcases can be a movable workdesk. Leather briefcases even have new names such as man bags, saddlebags, and messenger bags.

Though soft leather briefcases with shoulder straps have substituted the more primary hard rectangular cases, businessMen and corporate executives can still make waves by choosing leather briefcases of supple, approved leather. Soft leather briefcases conduce to easier packing and expanding. What's more, they project a friendlier image.

Choosing Perfection

Black remains to be the color of choice for professionals, though habitancy are starting to lean towards more casual and creative colors. Brown and gray are accepted for both casual and formal occasions.

Designer colors, like mustard and cranberry, are exquisite for the imaginative professional. Remember that the portfolio you select does not only reflect the commerce you're affiliated with, but also your own unique personality.

When choosing leather briefcases, you need to consider its structure. Make a list of the items you intend to carry and settle the structure that you need. If you will lug around Computer tool or papers that need to lie flat, select a portfolio designed for protection. On the other hand, if you will be carrying irregularly shaped items, such as personal items or snacks, you need leather briefcases with less structure, in order to comfortably accommodate these items.

Another thing you should consider is the style of your leather briefcases. You can select to have handles, straps, or even both. As a professional, you need to present a polished and perfectly pulled together appearance. consider what you usually wear and settle if your leather briefcases blend in perfectly.

Lastly, consider the leather briefcases' compartments. Don't be compartment-greedy. select only the portfolio with the compartments that you'll use. Too many specialized compartments are a waste of space and money. Larger pouches are all the time more versatile.

With so many leather briefcases to select from, finding the exquisite one is like development a new friend. You'll find your attachment growing as time passes. With their natural dyes, leather briefcases come to be richer and more beautiful as they age. You'll find that you can't go everywhere without one. With leather briefcases, you can carry your office wherever you go.

Leather portfolio - Your Office in a Bag

Recommend : Buy Shopping Discount Naacp Image Awards 2011

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

Planning on buying leather furniture? Did you know there are separate types of leather? Which is best for you? Read on and learn some foremost tips to keep in mind when shopping.

Start by reasoning about the usage patterns you expect with your new leather pieces. Will the furniture be settled in an active, "high-impact" setting with children, pets, Food and drinks galore? Or, is your home a quiet, "low-impact" environMent?

Leather Colors

Quality leather is a remarkably durable material that will offer many years of comfort. However, the right type of leather should be prime based upon how you expect the furniture to be enjoyed. As a leather furniture heal and recovery specialist, I repeatedly hear from my clients how their sales person, designer, etc. Never told them the leather would stain, fade, tear, etc. So, avoid these problems by learning a few simple keys and request a few simple questions. To understand the issues let me take you through a mini-primer about leather.

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

There are two ways of coloring upholstery grade leather --- with dyes only or with dyes and pigMents. Leather colored strictly with a dye is referred to as unfinished, whereas pigMented leather is classified as finished. So, what's the difference?

If leather is colored only with dye then there is no protective coating. It is sometimes referred to as "pure-aniline" leather. (Aniline is a type of dye that colors leather.) This leather is soft, supple to the touch. Its color is rich and deep as dyes are translucent and they penetrate, often thoroughly through the leather. The leather's natural charm is accentuated by the dye giving the furniture a luxurious look and feel. Only the finest hides can qualify to be unfinished, so unsurprisingly, it's the most expensive category. However, there is a dark side. This class of leather stains positively (these hides are extremely porous) and the color fades, in some cases very rapidly. (Uv's the culprit.)

Finished leather is colored with the same aniline dye as unfinished leather however these hides go through a secondary coloring process. A pigmented coating (finish) is applied that is chemically engineered specifically for leather. It has to flex and allow the leather to breath so it has unique attributes that differentiate it from common wall paint. Pigmented leather finishes are opaque, creating a colored film on top of the hide. The color coating is then augmented with a clear coat forming its customary protection. This clear coat also dictates the sheen, from gloss to matte. potential ended leather may not feel as soft and supple as unfinished, but will be able to withstand the rigors of an active household. It won't stain nearly as readily. It's easier to clean, and fades so slowly, you'll never observation it.

Your first key is placement. naturally put, active, high impact environment like a family room, media center, consulation room, dining room, etc. Dictates ended leather. A low impact home, with Uv tinted windows and wee threat of staining can indulge the charm of unfinished leather.

The next step is to think your budget. This is where your expectations are appropriately set. There are two customary considerations, the leather and the frame.

Top-grain leather is the most durable, but will cost more. This is the dermis of the skin which offers vast majority of the hide's durability. Split-hide leather (leather "split" from the epidermis) won't stand up to the test of time in an active household, but as a low grade is generally more affordable. If you want a piece that will last a long time, then you must insist on top-grain leather.

The internals or guts of the furniture should be considered. Is it constructed using hard wood appropriately joined with tight, solid fits, or is it slapped together with cheap pressed board, staples and cardboard? (No kidding, cardboard.) Clearly, solid construction will cost more, but offer many years of issue free service.

Color selection is something else to think about. The lighter the color, the more maintenance it will need to keep the leather looking new and clean.

Finally, is it all leather or did the builder sneak in some vinyl? Vinyl and all its fancy name derivatives like leatherette, leather-mate, leather-match etc. Is a synthetic, not the real deal. It won't feel or wear like leather. It's less expensive than leather, but naturally doesn't have the stamina of potential leather.

So, based on your budget, set your expectations correctly and think about how the piece will be used. Then when you shop ask the following questions.

1. Is the leather ended or unfinished? Remember to think placement and usage patterns.

2. Is it top-grain leather? If it isn't, it won't have the stamina you think you're getting.

3. Is it all leather or is some of it vinyl? Don't be duped.

4. How is the frame constructed? Remember the story of the three wee pigs? If it's going to last, it has to be well built.

With the answers to these questions at least you'll know what you're buying. For more information, go to this web-site advleather.com/

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

My Links : Buy Shopping Discount Nfl Jersey

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

There is a base misuse of the word "dye" in the leather fix and recovery business.

There are two methods for coloring leather. 1. Dyes. 2. Dyes and then pigMent coated. It is very rare that leather would be pigMent coated without having been dyed first.

Leather Colors

Starting with the basics - Animal skins are tanned. This process converts the skin to leather. The main purpose of tanning is to sustain the hide. It stops the natural degeneration or rotting process. At the end of the tanning policy and before the color step, the hide is called a "crust."

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

The crust is highly absorbent. Think of a chemise. The crust is infused with a dye which we all know to be a coloring element. The actual dye molecule is very small. It penetrates into the fiber structure of the crust (leather) and establishes the color. Typically it penetrates completely straight through the leather (struck through) so looking at a cross-cut, you see the same color from front to back.

The dye is not molecularly bound to fiber structure, rather it as floating within the fiber bundles. Because it is free-floating, one of its attributes is migration. It will transfer or move.

Water will accelerate migration. Think blue jeans. They fade when washed. The dye molecule migrates out of the medium (in this case denim) and flushed down the drain. I have had opportunity to recognize this phenomena with leather many times. A damp white cotton Cloth wiped across dyed leather will pull the color.

Dyes have a unique beauty. Because of their small molecular construct, dyes are translucent. You look into the leather to see its color. It accentuates the natural beauty of the leather. Because the porosity of leather is inconsistent, some areas of the hide will accept more dye than others. This creates the natural mottling work on you see with dyed leather. Its beauty can't be beat. We classify this leather as being "unfinished."

There is a dark side. The dye molecule does not tolerate Uv light very well. That wave distance or spectrum of light hits the dye molecule and breaks it up. This process gently leaches the dye from leather causing the leather to lose its color (fade). Furthermore, dyed leather continues to have a high level of porosity. Spill a liquid and it will soak into the leather, potentially staining the leather. In reality the stained area has been re-colored. So trying to clean it is like trying to clean a tattoo from your skin.

Bottom line: dyed or unfinished leather is gorgeous when new, but it is aesthetically vulnerable to staining and fading. Only about 15% of all leather furniture is unfinished. It is typically the most expensive leather as only the finest hides (least flawed with unsightly hide characteristics) can qualify to be unfinished.

Most leather then goes straight through a secondary coloring process with the application of a pigmented coating. The pigment molecule sits on the leather's surface. As a coloring element the pigment molecule is a big, robust molecule with perfect exterior power, like Snow on the ground. The pigment molecule is carried in a binding chemistry that locks it in place. That binder chemistry is uniquely engineered for leather. It establishes a film on the leather exterior that is opaque. The color you see is from a topical colorant that is a pigment. This is known as "finished" leather.

Pigments lack translucency so the color is flatter than dyes. But pigments are far less sensitive to Uv so they don't fade nearly as radically. Think and automobile leather car seat. They don't fade despite tons of sun exposure. They are colored with a pigment. Additionally, the film of color on the leather will resist absorption. If something spills, you can wipe it off the leather as it won't immediately soak in.

You can not successfully re-dye leather using dye as the coloring element for a whole bunch of technical reasons, not the least of which is that you will be wearing the color on your Clothing if you sit on the furniture. Setting the dye so that it doesn't transfer beyond doubt can only be done at a tannery under very exact and controlled processes.

Leather can be re-colored, but only with a pigment application. If it was dyed (unfinished) leather in the first place, the re-coloring process is with a pigment that provides full exterior power, thus converting the leather to a "finished" or pigment coated status. Taking it one step further, because it's an opaque chemistry, the color coating can be changed to whatever color desired.

The next time a leather technician says he/she can re-dye your leather, be weary as that person does not understand the fundamental unlikeness between a dye and a pigment.

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

My Links : Buy Shopping Discount Oyster Precision Mens Watch Fossil BQ9184

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

There is a common misuse of the word "dye" in the leather fix and resumption business.

There are two methods for coloring leather. 1. Dyes. 2. Dyes and then pigMent coated. It is very rare that leather would be pigMent coated without having been dyed first.

Leather Colors

Starting with the basics - Animal skins are tanned. This process converts the skin to leather. The main purpose of tanning is to hold the hide. It stops the natural degeneration or rotting process. At the end of the tanning procedure and before the color step, the hide is called a "crust."

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

The crust is very absorbent. Think of a chemise. The crust is infused with a dye which we all know to be a coloring eleMent. The actual dye molecule is very small. It penetrates into the fiber structure of the crust (leather) and establishes the color. Typically it penetrates thoroughly straight through the leather (struck through) so seeing at a cross-cut, you see the same color from front to back.

The dye is not molecularly bound to fiber structure, rather it as floating within the fiber bundles. Because it is free-floating, one of its attributes is migration. It will exchange or move.

Water will accelerate migration. Think blue jeans. They fade when washed. The dye molecule migrates out of the medium (in this case denim) and flushed down the drain. I have had chance to study this phenoMena with leather many times. A damp white cotton Cloth wiped across dyed leather will pull the color.

Dyes have a unique beauty. Because of their small molecular construct, dyes are translucent. You look into the leather to see its color. It accentuates the natural beauty of the leather. Because the porosity of leather is inconsistent, some areas of the hide will accept more dye than others. This creates the natural mottling influence you see with dyed leather. Its beauty can't be beat. We classify this leather as being "unfinished."

There is a dark side. The dye molecule does not tolerate Uv light very well. That wave length or spectrum of light hits the dye molecule and breaks it up. This process slowly leaches the dye from leather causing the leather to lose its color (fade). Furthermore, dyed leather continues to have a high level of porosity. Spill a liquid and it will soak into the leather, potentially staining the leather. In reality the stained area has been re-colored. So trying to clean it is like trying to clean a tattoo from your skin.

Bottom line: dyed or unfinished leather is gorgeous when new, but it is aesthetically vulnerable to staining and fading. Only about 15% of all leather furniture is unfinished. It is typically the most high-priced leather as only the finest hides (least flawed with unsightly hide characteristics) can qualify to be unfinished.

Most leather then goes straight through a secondary coloring process with the application of a pigmented coating. The pigment molecule sits on the leather's surface. As a coloring element the pigment molecule is a big, robust molecule with exquisite exterior power, like Snow on the ground. The pigment molecule is carried in a binding chemistry that locks it in place. That binder chemistry is uniquely engineered for leather. It establishes a film on the leather exterior that is opaque. The color you see is from a topical colorant that is a pigment. This is known as "finished" leather.

Pigments lack translucency so the color is flatter than dyes. But pigments are far less sensitive to Uv so they don't fade nearly as radically. Think and automobile leather car seat. They don't fade despite tons of sun exposure. They are colored with a pigment. Additionally, the film of color on the leather will resist absorption. If something spills, you can wipe it off the leather as it won't immediately soak in.

You can not successfully re-dye leather using dye as the coloring element for a whole bunch of technical reasons, not the least of which is that you will be wearing the color on your Clothing if you sit on the furniture. Setting the dye so that it doesn't exchange as a matter of fact can only be done at a tannery under very exact and controlled processes.

Leather can be re-colored, but only with a pigment application. If it was dyed (unfinished) leather in the first place, the re-coloring process is with a pigment that provides full exterior power, thus converting the leather to a "finished" or pigment coated status. Taking it one step further, because it's an opaque chemistry, the color coating can be changed to anything color desired.

The next time a leather technician says he/she can re-dye your leather, be weary as that someone does not understand the fundamental disagreement in the middle of a dye and a pigment.

Leather Furniture Coloring - Dyes Vs Pigments

Tags : Buy Shopping Discount Wolfenstein simply shabby chic vanity

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

How many times have we seen the advertiseMent claiming "Genuine leather" Or "Quality Leather". Just what is Genuine Leather, or Quality Leather, how do I know I didn't get ripped off?

First, what is leather. Leather simply stated is the skin of an animal. So as long as the material is made from the skin of an animal, they can claim "Genuine Leather". Quality leather is a separate story. When you finish reading this, you will be able to look at a leather garMent and tell immediately if it is ability or not.

Leather Colors

You may or may not have noticed that the flea markets, grocery stores, drug stores, and storage agency stores have been selling the "Genuine Leather" Coats, Jackets, Backpacks and luggage. They are of a patchwork design, and usually lined. These are typically made of lambskin leather and being sold for unreal cheap prices. There is nothing wrong with lambskin leather. In fact it is the leather of choice for any leather that is worn close to the skin. The lining too is a advanTAGe if it is used for relax or insulation. The patchwork establish is the first indication that this is poor quality leather. The patchwork establish is because they swept the scraps off the floor from the establish of other garments, fed them through a machine to sew the scraps together, created another sheet of leather and made more garments. The leather itself could made of various grades.

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

Let's talk about grades of leather. There are 3 primary grades of leather:

Grade 1 or "full-Grain" clear, supple, and clean, is consistent in color, has the highest yield of over 90% and the exterior is smoothest.

Grade 2 is less consistent in color, has a yield of 78% and the exterior is slightly imperfect.

Grade 3 is a blotchy and very inconsistent in color, has a yield of 40% and the exterior is very imperfect and will feel stiff, partly from the inordinate coating needed to hide imperfections.

These grades are approved no mater what type of animal the leather came from. There are a lot of separate types of animals that are used for leather. All things from lamb to cow, and alligator to Ostrich. The two most beloved for use in garments are lamb and cow. For the sake of this article we will discuss these two.

Lambskin

The softest, thinnest, most supple skin. A Buttery texture and finely grained. Stretches well and tends to reshape after wearing - has a type of memory. Drapes well, flows, and has good movement - very form fitting. Higher-end leather-wear. Classy and more fashionable look.

Lamb Touch Cow or Cow Nappa

Thin, Soft and supple - close in look and feel to lamb but is not lamb. A Smoother finish and finer texture to cow hide. Lightweight - has good movement and draping ability.
Sportswear and outerwear. Dressed-up, fashionable look. Coats skirts, Pants, and vests.

Cow Hide

Very tough wearing and durable. Heaviest of the cowhides. Very noticeable texture skin and grainy.
Mostly outerwear - especially jackets. Weekend casual, ready-to-wear.

Ok, now we know the separate grades, and types of leather, how do we know we got the good stuff? First, use your eyes. A very good way to tell if you're purchasing a garment of HIgh-quality leather is to look at the seams and needle marks. If they seem to be a different color than the garment itself this could mean that the garment is dyed on the exterior only - surface-dyed as opposed to aniline-dyed leather (dyed on both sides).

Surface-dyed leather is much separate to aniline-dyed leather because surface-dying is like adding a coat of paint to wood. It merely covers up the wood's natural exterior and defects. Aniline-dyed leather is like adding varnish to wood, varnish allows the woods natural beauty to shine through by penetrating the exterior instead of exterior it up. The natural beauty of high-quality leather is illustrated through a sheer, rich aniline dye.

Check the items for overall color and craftsmanship. While all skins include some natural marks, there should not be any large unsightly blemishes on the piece you are inspecting. A good manufacturer of leather apparel will not use leather of 2nd or 3rd grade.

Next, use your nose. The garment should smell like leather, not chemicals. And while we are on the field of chemicals, you want leather that has not been treated with Azo Dye. Azo Dye is toxic and has been related to many skin reactions.

And lastly, feel it. Is it soft to the touch, is it smooth. It should be free of any bumps and it should flex easily. It should not be stiff and hard to bend.

Be sure to read my next article on how to care for your leather garments.

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

See Also : Buy Shopping Discount Fancy Nancy Doll

The Chemistry of Leather Care

Leather can be thought of as a non-woven mass of fibrous collagen protein that is derived from the skin of animals and that has been rendered biorefractive. An animal skin is made biorefractive and thereby converted into leather by the tanning process. The tanning process permanently incorporates what amounts to biocide into the collagen protein. Other desirable characteristics are imparted to the leather through fatliquoring, coloring, Dressing, waterproofing, shaping, and working.

Fatliquoring is the process of incorporating fats, greases, and oils into the body of the leather. The presence of fats, greases, and oils in leather lubricates the fibers and tends to waterproof the leather. Without enough internal lubrication, the fibers will abrade and break due to friction, and the leather may crack.

Leather Colors

Leather is given a color by means of dying or pigMenting. Depending upon the means employed, the coloration can be incorporated through the enTire thickness of the leather, or it can be concentrated at and near the surface.

The Chemistry of Leather Care

Dressing is a surface stop that is given to the material. The surface stop is a continuous organic matrix inescapable from the protein fibers. That organic matrix can range from a latex paint to a wax. Dressing always refers to that which is the outmost layer of organic matter of the leather. Thus it is inherent for a dressing to be "dressed," since it is inherent to apply a wax polish to a surface of painted leather. Prior to wax polishing, the organic matrix that is the paint outer layer of the leather was the "dressing."

Working the leather refers to the repeated flexing of the leather in order to sell out stiffness. This is an enTirely mechanical process.

How To Think Of Chemicals For Leather Care

All chemical treatMents of leather fall into one or more of these categories: substitute fatliquors, surface dressings, waterproofers, and cleaners.

How Cleaners Work

Cleaners are chemicals or chemical preparations that aim to take off foreign matter from the leather. The trick with cleaners is that they have to be able to take off the foreign matter without themselves permanently changing the appearance of the leather being cleaned. Invariably, the matter that has to be removed from the leather is a solid or semi-solid, and the cleaning chemical is almost invariably a liquid. Cleaning is achieved whether by dissolving the solid matter or by lifting the matter from perceive with the leather through a process of preferential wetting. Preferential wetting means that the leather prefers to be in perceive with the cleaning liquid more than with the solid contaminant.

In whether case, dissolved solid or lifted contaminant, a Cloth or sycophant is nearly always valuable to complete the extraction of the foreign matter from the leather. The foreign contaminating matter is transferred from the leather to the cleaning Cloth.

The cleaner making ready also has to be removed from the leather to fully restore the leather to its previously clean state. Cleaner that is not itself removed can come to be a foreign contaminant. Cleaner is removed whether by rinsing, replacement to a Cloth or sponge, by evaporation, or a blend of all three processes.

Rinsing is the process in which excess water is used to dissolve the leather cleaner and carry it off. In effect, rinse water substitutes for the cleaner chemical in the leather. Water, weakly bound in the fiber mass, then itself evaporates. This process of removing cleaner is sufficient in case,granted the leather itself is not adversely affected by getting wet.

If the leather to be cleaned is dressed, that is has a continuous matrix of organic matter on top of the fibers, then other dressing agents can be used to clean the leather product. In effect, it is the surface dressing that is to be cleaned, not the deep mass of protein fibers. Water and other leather dressing agents are useful in removing contaminants from dressed leather. The processes of dissolution and preferential wetting occur here also, as well as the replacement of solid contaminants from one body to another. Thus, cleaning, waxing, and polishing can occur as part of a singular process.

Silcones And Leather

Silicone is a kind of artificial oil, and the term silicone refers to a homologous series of organic chemicals that are based upon a backbone of alternating silicon and oxygen. Organic side chains, most often methyl groups, are bonded to the silicon atoms. The chains are done with methyl groups, manufacture them non-reactive. The chains also can be done with hydroxyl groups or with hydrogen, manufacture them reactive.

Silicone oil is a lubricant, and when it is able to perforate into the mass of fibers it acts as a substitute fatliquor. Silicone imparts water-repellency, as well as gloss and a pleasant "hand" or feel to leather. Because silicone wets the leather fibers so well, a moderate whole of silicone is able to substitute for fatliquor without impAiring the "breathing" of the leather. "Breathing" means that water vapor is able to pass though the mass of fibers. Leather can also be "stuffed" with grease or wax that blocks the duct of water vapor through the mass of fibers. The use of silicone enables the leather to be made water repellant to a degree without the loss of this quality of "breathing." Stuffing leather with grease makes it waterproof, but renders the leather unable to "breathe."

Silicone is commonly an prominent component of leather polishes, especially ones that need buffing to bring out the shine. The silicone helps smooth out the wax crystals into a continuous glossy matrix, and also contributes to gloss and water repellency.

Silicone is a very useful stock in the care and cleaning of leather. It finds use as a fatliquor, in cleaners, and in dressings. The drawback to the use of silicone is that silicone has a very low surface tension, and the function of other, water-based leather medicine chemicals can be impAired because silicone prevents the other stock from wetting the leather.

Neatsfoot Oil

Neatsfoot oil is produced by the rendering of the feet and shinbones of cattle. It is typically yellow in color, and has a low melting point. It is used to keep leather supple and flexible, which means that it acts as a lubricant for the protein fibers. As such, it acts as a substitute fatliquor.

Dressings And Colorings

A dressing is a coating that is external to the mass of protein fibers, and yet is bonded to it. Typically, a dressing consists of a continuous organic matrix that can hold other kinds of material, such as pigment. Because the coating is external, it is inherent for a dressing to be dressed, as when a leather object is polished with wax or made water repellent with a stock containing silicone. Dressings are used to Supply a attractive and often a protective coating over the fibrous mass, and much of the leather sold commercially is dressed while the manufacturing process. A dressing to a dressing is sometimes called a top dressing.

Aftermarket leather dressings are intended to restore or improve the dressing that was applied to the leather in the manufacturing process. Waxes, for example, often consist of die which matches the color of dressed leather, and the act of polishing the leather with colored wax applies a dressing that is a colorant, a waterproofing agent, and adds a pleasing gloss to the leather.

Colorants are dies and pigments that delineate color to the leather, and are separate from dressings. Colorants can be a component of a dressing product. Some leathers, while the manufacturing sTAGe, are treated with coloring solutions that carry the coloring agents deep into the fiber mass so that the leather retains its color even when scuffed. Colorants are added to aftermarket dressings so that leather that has lost some of its color due to wear and weathering looks renewed.

Waterproofing

Many aftermarket chemical preparations are made to render leather waterproof or water repellant. There is a petite variation in meaning between the two terms. To be waterproof means that water naturally will not go through the leather. The state is achieved by stuffing the leather with wax and/or grease. Leather in this state is often hot to wear, because the leather cannot breathe. It is impermeable because the gaps between the fibers have been largely filled by waterproofing agent and water vapor gets trapped close to the body. But in a driving rainstorm, waterproof can be an valuable property of the leather.

To be water repellent means that water does not wet the leather, but because the leather remains permeable liquid water can be forced through the leather by pressure. Water repellant leather can breathe because water vapor can flee through the fibers even if liquid water cannot wet them. Water repellency of leather is commonly achieved through medicine with silicone. Silicone remains liquid and wets the fibers, forming a film on them that water cannot wet. The film is thin enough that the gaps between the fibers remain unfilled.

Of the two terms, water proof is closer to the absolute than water repellent.

A degree of water proofing or water repellency can be gained through products that apply a surface stop to the leather. It is the surface stop that Supplies the resistance to penetration by liquid water, not the mass of fibers.

Commercial Products

The four functions of leather care are: cleaning, replacement of fatliquor, surface dressing and waterproofing. The products of business for aftermarket leather care offer one, some, or all of these functions.

Waxes, fats, greases, and fatty oil are all naturally repel water; and most of them are useful lubricants for leather fibers. Thus mink oil and "dubbin" products both act as waterproofing agents as well as substitute fatliquors, each being great at one function than the other.

The Chemistry of Leather Care

Friends Link : Buy Shopping Discount Wolfenstein

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

Planning on buying leather furniture? Did you know there are different types of leather? Which is best for you? Read on and learn some important tips to keep in mind when shopping.

Start by Mental about the usage patterns you expect with your new leather pieces. Will the furniture be located in an active, "high-impact" setting with children, pets, Food and drinks galore? Or, is your home a quiet, "low-impact" environMent?

Leather Colors

Quality leather is a remarkably durable material that will offer many years of comfort. However, the right type of leather should be excellent based upon how you expect the furniture to be enjoyed. As a leather furniture heal and rehabilitation specialist, I repeatedly hear from my clients how their sales person, designer, etc. Never told them the leather would stain, fade, tear, etc. So, avoid these problems by learning a few easy keys and asking a few easy questions. To understand the issues let me take you straight through a mini-primer about leather.

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

There are two ways of coloring cushion grade leather --- with dyes only or with dyes and pigMents. Leather colored strictly with a dye is referred to as unfinished, whereas pigmented leather is classified as finished. So, what's the difference?

If leather is colored only with dye then there is no protective coating. It is sometimes referred to as "pure-aniline" leather. (Aniline is a type of dye that colors leather.) This leather is soft, supple to the touch. Its color is rich and deep as dyes are translucent and they penetrate, often wholly straight through the leather. The leather's natural charm is accentuated by the dye giving the furniture a luxurious look and feel. Only the finest hides can qualify to be unfinished, so unsurprisingly, it's the most expensive category. However, there is a dark side. This class of leather stains beyond doubt (these hides are very porous) and the color fades, in some cases very rapidly. (Uv's the culprit.)

Finished leather is colored with the same aniline dye as unfinished leather any way these hides go straight through a secondary coloring process. A pigmented coating (finish) is applied that is chemically engineered specifically for leather. It has to flex and allow the leather to breath so it has unique attributes that differentiate it from tasteless wall paint. Pigmented leather finishes are opaque, creating a colored film on top of the hide. The color coating is then augmented with a clear coat forming its traditional protection. This clear coat also dictates the sheen, from gloss to matte. potential closed leather may not feel as soft and supple as unfinished, but will be able to withstand the rigors of an active household. It won't stain nearly as readily. It's easier to clean, and fades so slowly, you'll never observation it.

Your first key is placement. plainly put, active, high impact environment like a house room, media center, conference room, dining room, etc. Dictates closed leather. A low impact home, with Uv tinted windows and little threat of staining can indulge the charm of unfinished leather.

The next step is to reconsider your budget. This is where your expectations are appropriately set. There are two traditional considerations, the leather and the frame.

Top-grain leather is the most durable, but will cost more. This is the trueskin of the skin which offers vast majority of the hide's durability. Split-hide leather (leather "split" from the epidermis) won't stand up to the test of time in an active household, but as a low grade is generally more affordable. If you want a piece that will last a long time, then you must insist on top-grain leather.

The internals or guts of the furniture should be considered. Is it constructed using hard wood appropriately joined with tight, solid fits, or is it slapped together with cheap pressed board, staples and cardboard? (No kidding, cardboard.) Clearly, solid construction will cost more, but offer many years of trouble free service.

Color selection is something else to think about. The lighter the color, the more maintenance it will want to keep the leather seeing new and clean.

Finally, is it all leather or did the manufacturer sneak in some vinyl? Vinyl and all its fancy name derivatives like leatherette, leather-mate, leather-match etc. Is a synthetic, not the real deal. It won't feel or wear like leather. It's less expensive than leather, but plainly doesn't have the durableness of potential leather.

So, based on your budget, set your expectations correctly and think about how the piece will be used. Then when you shop ask the following questions.

1. Is the leather closed or unfinished? Remember to reconsider placement and usage patterns.

2. Is it top-grain leather? If it isn't, it won't have the durableness you think you're getting.

3. Is it all leather or is some of it vinyl? Don't be duped.

4. How is the frame constructed? Remember the story of the three little pigs? If it's going to last, it has to be well built.

With the answers to these questions at least you'll know what you're buying. For more information, go to this web-site advleather.com/

Leather Furniture Consumer's Guide - Abbreviated Version

Friends Link : Buy Shopping Discount Lizard Lick Towing Valentine Candy The Walking Dead Season 2

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

How many times have we seen the advertiseMent claiming "Genuine leather" Or "Quality Leather". Just what is Genuine Leather, or Quality Leather, how do I know I didn't get ripped off?

First, what is leather. Leather naturally stated is the skin of an animal. So as long as the material is made from the skin of an animal, they can claim "Genuine Leather". Quality leather is a different story. When you cease reading this, you will be able to look at a leather garMent and tell immediately if it is potential or not.

Leather Colors

You may or may not have noticed that the flea markets, grocery stores, drug stores, and storage group market have been selling the "Genuine Leather" Coats, Jackets, Backpacks and luggage. They are of a patchwork design, and commonly lined. These are typically made of lambskin leather and being sold for unreal cheap prices. There is nothing wrong with lambskin leather. In fact it is the leather of choice for any leather that is worn close to the skin. The lining too is a benefit if it is used for ease or insulation. The patchwork form is the first indication that this is poor quality leather. The patchwork form is because they swept the scraps off the floor from the form of other garMents, fed them straight through a motor to sew the scraps together, created another sheet of leather and made more garments. The leather itself could made of varied grades.

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

Let's talk about grades of leather. There are 3 primary grades of leather:

Grade 1 or "full-Grain" clear, supple, and clean, is consistent in color, has the top yield of over 90% and the outside is smoothest.

Grade 2 is less consistent in color, has a yield of 78% and the outside is slightly imperfect.

Grade 3 is a blotchy and very inconsistent in color, has a yield of 40% and the outside is very imperfect and will feel stiff, partly from the excessive coating needed to hide imperfections.

These grades are suitable no mater what type of animal the leather came from. There are a lot of different types of animals that are used for leather. all from lamb to cow, and alligator to Ostrich. The two most popular for use in garments are lamb and cow. For the sake of this article we will discuss these two.

Lambskin

The softest, thinnest, most supple skin. A Buttery texture and finely grained. Stretches well and tends to reshape after wearing - has a type of memory. Drapes well, flows, and has good movement - very form fitting. Higher-end leather-wear. Classy and more fashionable look.

Lamb Touch Cow or Cow Nappa

Thin, Soft and supple - close in look and feel to lamb but is not lamb. A Smoother cease and finer texture to cow hide. Lightweight - has good movement and draping ability.
Sportswear and outerwear. Dressed-up, fashionable look. Coats skirts, Pants, and vests.

Cow Hide

Very tough wearing and durable. Heaviest of the cowhides. Very noticeable texture skin and grainy.
Mostly outerwear - especially jackets. Weekend casual, ready-to-wear.

Ok, now we know the different grades, and types of leather, how do we know we got the good stuff? First, use your eyes. A very good way to tell if you're purchasing a garment of HIgh-quality leather is to look at the seams and needle marks. If they seem to be a different color than the garment itself this could mean that the garment is dyed on the outside only - surface-dyed as opposed to aniline-dyed leather (dyed on both sides).

Surface-dyed leather is much different to aniline-dyed leather because surface-dying is like adding a coat of paint to wood. It merely covers up the wood's natural outside and defects. Aniline-dyed leather is like adding varnish to wood, varnish allows the woods natural charm to shine straight through by penetrating the outside instead of outside it up. The natural charm of high-quality leather is descriptive straight through a sheer, rich aniline dye.

Check the items for overall color and craftsmanship. While all skins include some natural marks, there should not be any large unsightly blemishes on the piece you are inspecting. A good manufacturer of leather apparel will not use leather of 2nd or 3rd grade.

Next, use your nose. The garment should smell like leather, not chemicals. And while we are on the subject of chemicals, you want leather that has not been treated with Azo Dye. Azo Dye is toxic and has been linked to many skin reactions.

And lastly, feel it. Is it soft to the touch, is it smooth. It should be free of any bumps and it should flex easily. It should not be stiff and hard to bend.

Be sure to read my next article on how to care for your leather garments.

quality Leather- How Do I Know?

Recommend : Buy Shopping Discount Worst Dressed Oscars 2011 Naacp Image Awards 2011